主題: 開羅宣言不具有任何法律效力 rdrcntr:2611 | 關鍵字:
開羅宣言 張貼時間: 2007-06-23 12:36:56 |
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FAPA | ip: 220 .X.X.X/ | |
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The Formosan Association for Public Affairs FAPA新聞稿 2007年6月14日 聯絡人何燕青 美國國家檔案室 打破北京與國民黨的一中迷思 美國國家檔案室在一封6月5日致FAPA的信函裡表示,1943年的開羅宣言不是國際條約,也不是美國與他國簽署的行政協定,充其量只是一份公報聲明。這可說是美國政府首次公開承認開羅宣言不具有任何法律效力,粉碎了北京政權與中國國民黨多年來引用開羅宣言為佐證的一中迷思。 國家檔案室的柯爾茲先生在信函裡解釋,根據國家檔案室的規定,所有的國際條約、行政協定、或是一般條約與其他協定等文件均有其專屬的特定號碼,由國務院一併交由檔案室保管。開羅宣言並不符合上述性質,因為它不是條約,也不是行政協定。「誠如您在信中所提到的,開羅宣言僅是一份公報聲明」,柯爾茲先生表示。 近半世紀以來,開羅宣言對於中國國民黨與中國共產黨的一中迷思,佔有極重要的歷史與法理地位。中國國民黨引用開羅宣言,證明日本將台灣歸還中華民國;有趣的是,在同時,中國共產黨也是引用開羅宣言來佐證台灣是中國的一部份。從過去的江澤民、到今日的中國外長李肇星、總理溫家寶等,中國政府與學界均在不同的國內外公開場合一再引用開羅宣言來證明台灣是中國領土不可分割的一部份。 FAPA會長李青泰表示:「 開羅宣言最多僅是代表美、中、英三國領袖對於當時國際局勢的片面聲明,在當時也許有特別涵義,但是宣言本身並不具任何法律效力,更遑論可以用來佐證中國領土涵蓋台灣的法律根據,不管是中華民國或是中華人民共和國。美國檔案室今天公開證明這項一般國際法學者與民進黨政府早已確認的史實。」1951年的舊金山合約是歸結二次世界大戰的戰後合約,依照國際法原則,理應取代之前制訂的法律條文,何況是沒有法律效力的公報宣言。FAPA呼籲中國國民黨與中國共產黨不要再為了一己之私的政治目的,刻意誤導與扭曲史實。 The Formosan Association for Public Affairs 552 7th Street. SE. Washington, DC 20003 For Immediate Release Contact Iris Ho @ 202.547.3686 June 14, 2007 Nationl Archives Shatters Beijing's and KMT's Claims In a letter to FAPA dated June 5, Michael Kurtz, the Assistant Archivist for Records Services at the United States National Archives confirmed that the 1943 Cairo Declaration is neither a treaty nor an executive agreement, but merely a “communique.” This marks the first time the United States government officially goes on record elaborating on the lack of legal binding power of the Cairo Declaration, and thus voids the basis of both the Chinese Nationalist KMT party’s and Beijing’s mythic “One China Principle” claims. Mr. Kurtz writes: “The National Archives and Records Administration has not filed this declaration under treaties. […] As you state, the declaration was a “communique”, and it does not have treaty series (TS) or executive agreement series (EAS) number.” Over the past half century, the Cairo Declaration has been used by both the Communist government and the KMT as one of the key historic documents to bolster their “One China” claims. The KMT has long cited the Cairo Declaration as the legal basis for ROC’s claim on Taiwan. Interestingly enough, the Chinese Communist government also cites the Cairo Declaration to augment its claim that Taiwan is part of China. Former Chinese leader Jiang Zemin, current Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing and Premiere Wen Jiabao have in various public occasions invoked the Cairo Declaration to establish that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China. FAPA President CT Lee states: “The 1943 Cairo Declaration is a document that wrapped up a meeting between Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Chiang Kai-shek. It merely is a moment in time - a declaration of intention about the world’s affairs among the three leaders. Although important at the time, it does not have any legal binding power almost 65 years later enabling either the KMT or the PRC to derive territorial claims from. The letter from the Archives codifies this fact that is already familiar to international legal scholars and Taiwan’s DPP government. The 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty officially brought World War II to an end and supersedes all previous agreements. It is time that the Chinese Nationalist Party and the Communist Chinese government cease this political game of rhetoric.” June 5, 2007 Coen Blaauw Formosan Association for Public Affairs 552 7th Street S.E.Washington, DC 20003 Dear Mr. Blaauw: The is in response to the letter from C.T. Lee, President of the Formosan Association for Public Affairs to Professor Allen Weinstein, Archivist of the United States, dated May 9, 2007, concerning the "Cairo Declaration" of December 1, 1943. Your letter was received in my office on May 23, 2007. The National Archives and Records Administration has not filed this declaration under "Treaties." The only international treaties in our custody are those sent to us from the Department of State with a TS (treaty series), EAS (executive agreement series), or TIAS (treaties and other international agreements series) number. These documents are all in record Group 11, General Records of the United States Government. As you state in your letter, the declaration was a "communique," and it does not have treaty series (TS) or executive agreements series (EAS) number. The "Cairo Declaration" is included in the State Department publication "Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States of America, 1776-1949," edited by Charles I. Bevans (volume 3, p. 858). The source is given as 1943 For. Rel. (Conferences at Cairo and Tehran) 448. The State Department publication "Foreign Relations of the United States: Conferences at Cairo and Tehran, 1943," includes on page 448 the text of the communique relating to the meeting at Cairo of President Roosevelt, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek, and Prime Minister Churchill. The source copy is reported as "Cairo Declaration Records." It was also printed in the Department of State Bulletin, vol. ix, December 4, 1943, p. 393. Please let me know if I can of further assistance. Sincerely, MICHAEL J. KURTZ Assistant Archivist for Records Services - Washington, DC ****** 日更正 開羅宣言未經署名, 台灣主權屬中國 不攻自破 〔駐日特派員張茂森�東京2007/2/23日報導〕被中國視為擁有台灣主權唯一法律依據的開羅宣言,事實上只是一紙未經任何人署名、未具法律效力的「新聞稿」(Press Release)而已,具有權威性的日本國會圖書館已於二十二日將網頁上「開羅宣言經中國國民政府主席蔣介石、英國首相邱吉爾與美國總統羅斯福署名」的部分刪除。 日本「產經新聞」曾根據日本國會圖書館的資料,於去年十一月二十七日的「二十一世紀的今天」報導(日後已經修正)「中國國民政府主席蔣介石、英國首相邱吉爾與美國總統羅斯福在開羅開會,同時在決定日本無條件投降的文書『開羅宣言』上署名」。 結果此報導引起日本新聞網站「台灣之聲」的很多讀者抗議,他們對國會圖書館抗議指出,「『開羅宣言』沒有任何人署名,只是一紙新聞公報」,要求立即更正。 研究台灣近代史的台灣學者沈建德在研究報告上指出,在美國、英國與中華民國三個「開羅宣言」的當事國之中,並未存在有「開羅宣言」的正本,更遑論有文件上的署名,中華民國政府因此也正式承認開羅宣言並未署名。 日本國會圖書館經過兩個月的調查,最後以「無法確認一九四三年十一月二十七日的開羅宣言確實已經署名」的理由,自二月二十二日起刪除網頁上「開羅宣言」的「署名」記述。 ----- 《東京探索》台灣主權屬中國 不攻自破 駐日特派員 張茂森 具有權威的日本國會圖書館網頁從善如流,將開羅宣言上的「已經署名」記述刪除,此舉形同確認開羅宣言只是一則「新聞稿」,也等於讓中國「領有」台灣主權的「法律依據」不攻自破。 開羅宣言的一項重要「規定」是,「日本無條件投降,並將滿洲、台灣、澎湖諸島歸還給中國」,問題在於開羅宣言是否具有法律效力?如果沒有人署名,等於是一張廢紙;目前在開羅宣言當事國內都找不出任何可以證明蔣、邱、羅三人在宣言上簽名的證據,但在中國、親中學者或政治家竄改歷史之下,開羅宣言變成了「正式規定台灣去向的歷史文件」,並讓中國以此作為對國際吹噓「台灣為中國所屬」的依據。 儘管台灣外交部已正式否認開羅宣言上有任何人的署名,但日本從戰後到現在都還在教育日本人民,「日本根據開羅宣言把台灣還給中國」,而讓日本人誤認「中國領有台灣是有根據的」,其元凶就是日本外務省。 日本國會圖書館網頁在有關開羅宣言的記述上,說「有蔣介石、邱吉爾與羅斯福的署名」,是根據日本外務省大臣官房文書課外交文書班編的「日本外交年表並主要文書:一八四○─一九四五」下卷而來;此外,外務省條約局編的「主要條約集」(一九九八年版)上卷也有「昭和十八年(一九四三年)十一月二十七日在開羅署名」的記述。 日本外務省在沒有證據之下,一味配合中國硬指「開羅宣言有人署名」,其實是誤人子弟,害人不淺,連日本國會圖書館都成為受害者,此次「開羅宣言署名說」的謊言終於被識破,對確認台灣主權獨立具有重大意義。 |